AI governance frameworks: Compare

A learning aid, not legal advice.

Depth, from 0 (least) to 3 (most)0123Under review
Frameworks to compare

Pick two or three frameworks.

Dimension
ISO/IEC 42001:2023 AI management system
certifiable standard
Nature
Depth 2 of 3.

A requirements standard: voluntary to adopt, but an organisation can be certified against it by an independent certification body.

ISO/IEC 42001:2023, abstract; ISO AI management systems page
Where and to whom it applies
Depth 2 of 3.

Any organisation that provides or uses AI, in any country; the organisation sets the boundaries of its own management system.

Clause 4.3 (Determining the scope of the AIMS)
Roles addressed
Depth 1 of 3.

Addresses the organisation as a whole; top management assigns roles, responsibilities and authorities.

Clause 5.3
Risk approach
Depth 3 of 3.

A defined AI risk assessment and risk treatment process, repeated at planned intervals or when significant changes are proposed.

Clauses 6.1.2, 6.1.3, 8.2, 8.3
Inventory and documentation
Depth 2 of 3.

Documented information is required throughout, and the scope statement fixes which AI systems the management system covers.

Clauses 4.3 and 7.5
Risk or impact assessment
Depth 3 of 3.

Requires both AI risk assessment and an AI system impact assessment on individuals, groups and societies.

Clauses 6.1.2, 6.1.4, 8.4
Human oversight
Depth 2 of 3.
Transparency and notices
Data governance
Depth 2 of 3.
Under review
Testing, robustness and security
Depth 2 of 3.
Monitoring and incident reporting
Depth 2 of 3.

Monitoring, measurement and evaluation, plus nonconformity and corrective action; no duty to report to an outside authority.

Clauses 9.1 and 10.2
Assurance and enforcement
Depth 3 of 3.

Internal audit and management review, and third-party certification by bodies that meet ISO/IEC 42006:2025.

Clauses 9.2 and 9.3; ISO/IEC 42006:2025
Effort to implement
Depth 3 of 3.

Heavy: a full management system (policy, objectives, competence, documented processes, internal audit, management review) and, if certified, external audits.

Clauses 4 to 10
Key dates
Depth 1 of 3.

Published 2023-12 (first edition). An implementation guidance project (ISO/IEC 42003) is at an early stage; no amendment to 42001 was found.

ISO/IEC 42001:2023 page; ISO/IEC AWI 42003 page

A learning aid, not legal advice. Where AI SENTINEL is mentioned, it supports or maps to the dimension; it does not certify anything. Dates are those the official texts state on the date shown.