AI governance frameworks: Compare
A learning aid, not legal advice.
| Dimension | Singapore Model AI Governance Framework (second edition), with the frameworks for generative AI and agentic AI voluntary guidance |
|---|---|
| Nature | Depth 1 of 3. Voluntary guidance; the Personal Data Protection Act is the binding backdrop. Model AI Governance Framework, second edition |
| Where and to whom it applies | Depth 2 of 3. Any organisation deploying AI, in any sector; meant to be adapted to its context. Model AI Governance Framework, second edition |
| Roles addressed | Depth 1 of 3. Addressed to the deploying organisation; the generative AI framework adds accountability across the development chain. Model AI Governance Framework for Generative AI, dimension 1 (Accountability) |
| Risk approach | Depth 2 of 3. The level of human involvement in AI-augmented decisions is set according to the risk of harm. Second edition, area 2 (human involvement) |
| Inventory and documentation | Depth 1 of 3. The self-assessment guide helps organisations record their practices against the framework. Implementation and Self-Assessment Guide for Organisations (ISAGO) |
| Risk or impact assessment | Depth 1 of 3. Self-assessment against the framework to find gaps, not an impact assessment. ISAGO |
| Human oversight | Depth 3 of 3. A central area of the framework: deciding how much human involvement AI-augmented decisions need. Second edition, area 2 (human involvement) |
| Transparency and notices | Depth 2 of 3. Stakeholder interaction and communication is one of four areas; decisions made with AI should be explainable, transparent and fair. Second edition, area 4 |
| Data governance | Depth 2 of 3. Advisory guidelines explain how the PDPA applies to personal data in AI recommendation and decision systems; data is a dimension of the generative AI framework. PDPC Advisory Guidelines (2024-03-01) |
| Testing, robustness and security | Depth 3 of 3. AI Verify: a testing framework on 11 principles with a toolkit that runs in the organisation's own environment; testing and assurance is a generative AI dimension. AI Verify |
| Monitoring and incident reporting | Depth 1 of 3. Incident reporting is a dimension of the generative AI framework, on a voluntary basis. Model AI Governance Framework for Generative AI, incident reporting dimension |
| Assurance and enforcement | Depth 1 of 3. AI Verify produces a test report; there are no sanctions under the frameworks, and PDPC enforces only the PDPA. AI Verify; PDPC |
| Effort to implement | Depth 1 of 3. Low to moderate and self-paced; AI Verify testing is optional. ISAGO; AI Verify |
| Key dates | Depth 1 of 3. Second edition 2020-01-21; generative AI framework 2024-05-30; agentic AI framework 2026-01-22. No dated obligations. PDPC; AI Verify Foundation; IMDA press release |
A learning aid, not legal advice. Where AI SENTINEL is mentioned, it supports or maps to the dimension; it does not certify anything. Dates are those the official texts state on the date shown.