AI governance frameworks: Compare
A learning aid, not legal advice.
| Dimension | Texas Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act (TRAIGA, HB 149) binding law |
|---|---|
| Nature | Depth 3 of 3. State statute adding chapters 551 to 554 to the Business and Commerce Code, with civil penalties. HB 149 (enrolled), Tex. Bus. & Com. Code chs. 551 to 554 |
| Where and to whom it applies | Depth 2 of 3. Anyone who develops or deploys an AI system in Texas; some duties apply only to government entities and health care providers. HB 149, ch. 551 and ch. 552 |
| Roles addressed | Depth 2 of 3. Defines developer and deployer; the prohibitions apply to both, with extra duties for government agencies and health care providers. § 552.001(1) and (2) |
| Risk approach | Depth 1 of 3. No tiers: a list of prohibited intents (manipulation to harm, government social scoring, certain biometric identification, infringing rights, unlawful discrimination, unlawful explicit content). §§ 552.052 to 552.057 |
| Inventory and documentation | Depth 1 of 3. No general inventory duty on companies; the Attorney General can demand a system description, data, metrics and monitoring information. State agency AI inventories are amended in the Government Code. § 552.103; Gov. Code § 2054.068(b) |
| Risk or impact assessment | Depth 0 of 3. No impact assessment duty. HB 149 (enrolled) |
| Human oversight | Depth 0 of 3. No human oversight duty. HB 149 (enrolled) |
| Transparency and notices | Depth 2 of 3. Government agencies disclose AI interaction clearly and in plain language, even if obvious; health care providers disclose AI use by the date the service is first provided, except in emergencies. § 552.051 |
| Data governance | Depth 1 of 3. Government entities may not identify people from biometric data or public images without consent where that infringes a right. § 552.054 |
| Testing, robustness and security | Depth 1 of 3. No testing duty, but finding a violation through adversarial or red-team testing is among the grounds that bar liability. § 552.105(e) |
| Monitoring and incident reporting | Depth 1 of 3. No incident reporting; the Attorney General runs an online complaint mechanism and may ask about post-deployment monitoring. §§ 552.102 and 552.103 |
| Assurance and enforcement | Depth 3 of 3. Attorney General enforcement after a 60-day cure period; penalties USD 10,000 to 12,000 (curable), 80,000 to 200,000 (uncurable), 2,000 to 40,000 per day (continuing). No private right of action. §§ 552.101, 552.104, 552.105 |
| Effort to implement | Depth 1 of 3. Light for most companies: document the absence of prohibited intent, keep testing records; more for government and health care disclosure. HB 149 (enrolled) |
| Key dates | Depth 3 of 3. Signed 2025-06-22; in force 2026-01-01. The sandbox allows testing for up to 36 months. HB 149, section 10 (effective date); § 553.053 |
A learning aid, not legal advice. Where AI SENTINEL is mentioned, it supports or maps to the dimension; it does not certify anything. Dates are those the official texts state on the date shown.